Cirugía radioguiada de tumores mesenquimales con semilla de 125I / Radioguided surgery of mesenchymal tumors with 125I seeds

Introducción La cirugía radioguiada emplea fuentes radioactivas para identificar y extirpar lesiones de difícil localización. Los tumores mesenquimales constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de neoplasias derivados del mesodermo, incluyendo lesiones benignas y sarcomas malignos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la capacidad de la semilla radioactiva de 125I para guiar la localización intraoperatoria de tumores mesenquimales, analizando sus tasas de complicación y evaluando los márgenes de las piezas quirúrgicas recuperadas. Métodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo de todos los pacientes consecutivos sometidos a cirugía radioguiada de un tumor mesenquimal con semilla radioactiva de 125I desde enero de 2012 hasta enero de 2020 en un centro de referencia terciario en España. La semilla fue insertada mediante punción percutánea guiada con ecografía o tomografía computarizada de forma ambulatoria. Resultados Se extirparon 15 lesiones en 11 cirugías a 11 pacientes, recuperando todas las lesiones marcadas (100%) con semilla de 125I. Las lesiones incluyeron áreas de fibrosis benigna (26,7%), angiofibroma celular (6,7%), tumor desmoide (20%), tumor fibroso solitario (13,3%), condrosarcoma (6,7%) y sarcoma pleomórfico (26,7%), con una tasa elevada de tumores recurrentes (60%). Solo hubo una complicación (6,7%) por caída de la semilla dentro del lecho quirúrgico. Según la clasificación de la Union for International Cancer Control de tumor residual, el 80% de las lesiones resultaron en una resección R0, el 6,7% fueron una resección R1 y el 13,3% fueron una resección R2. Conclusión La cirugía radioguiada fue una técnica precisa para la extirpación de tumores mesenquimales de difícil localización (AU)

Introduction Radioguided surgery uses radioactive substances to identify and remove hard-to-locate lesions. Mesenchymal tumors constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms derived from the mesoderm, including benign lesions and malignant sarcomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the 125I radioactive seed to guide intraoperative localization of mesenchymal tumors, analyzing its complication rates and evaluating the margins of the surgical specimens retrieved. Methods Retrospective observational study of all consecutive patients undergoing radioguided surgery of a mesenchymal tumor with a 125I radioactive seed from January 2012 to January 2020 at a tertiary referral center in Spain. The seed was inserted percutaneously guided by ultrasound or computed tomography on an outpatient setting. Results Fifteen lesions were removed in 11 surgeries on 11 patients, recovering all marked lesions (100%) with a 125I seed. The lesions included areas of benign fibrosis (26.7%), cellular angiofibroma (6.7%), desmoid tumor (20%), solitary fibrous tumor (13.3%), chondrosarcoma (6.7%), and pleomorphic sarcoma (26.7%), with a high rate of recurrent tumors (60%). There was only one complication (6.7%) due to the seed falling within the surgical bed. According to the UICC classification of residual tumor, 80% of the lesions resulted in an R0 resection, 6.7% were an R1 resection, and 13.3% were an R2 resection. Conclusion Radioguided surgery was a precise technique for the removal of hard-to-locate mesenchymal tumors (AU)

Radioguided surgery of mesenchymal tumors with 125I seeds.

INTRODUCTION: Radioguided surgery uses radioactive substances to identify and remove hard-to-locate lesions. Mesenchymal tumors constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms derived from the mesoderm, including benign lesions and malignant sarcomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of 125I radioactive seeds to guide intraoperative localization of mesenchymal tumors, analyzing the complication rates and evaluating the margins of the surgical specimens retrieved. METHODS: Retrospective observational study of all consecutive patients undergoing radioguided surgery of a mesenchymal tumor with a 125I radioactive seed from January 2012 to January 2020 at a tertiary referral center in Spain. The seed was inserted percutaneously guided by ultrasound or computed tomography in an outpatient setting. RESULTS: Fifteen lesions were resected in 11 interventions in 11 patients, recovering all lesions marked (100%) with a 125I seed. The lesions included areas of benign fibrosis (26.7%), cellular angiofibroma (6.7%), desmoid tumor (20%), solitary fibrous tumor (13.3%), chondrosarcoma (6.7%), and pleomorphic sarcoma (26.7%), with a high rate of recurrent tumors (60%). There was only one complication (6.7%) due to the seed falling within the surgical bed. According to the UICC classification of residual tumors, 80% of the lesions resulted in an R0 resection, 6.7% were R1 resections, and 13.3% were R2 resections. CONCLUSION: Radioguided surgery is an accurate technique for the resection of hard-to-locate mesenchymal tumors.

Comentarios sobre los cuidados bucodentales en pacientes en tratamiento con radioyodo por cáncer de tiroides / Comments on Oral Care in Patients Receiving Radioiodine Treatment for Thyroid Cancer

Introducción y objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo es concienciar a los profesionales que se ocupan del diagnóstico y tratamiento de las patologías de tiroides y paratiroides sobre la problemática de la salud bucodental relacionada con el tratamiento con yodo 131 (I-131) y proporcionar una guía de cuidados bucodentales en estos pacientes. Síntesis: El manejo del paciente en tratamiento con radioyodo se engloba dentro de un contexto multidisciplinar, en el que el rol del dentista es especialmente importante para prevenir y tratar los efectos secundarios orales del I-131, y por lo tanto debe formar parte de él. Su papel es fundamental en el examen del paciente antes de iniciar el tratamiento con I-131, elaborando un plan de tratamiento para sus patologías orales, informando al paciente de los riesgos y efectos secundarios orales del I-131, enseñando técnicas de higiene oral para paliar los resultados de dichos efectos secundarios y prescribiendo tratamientos con flúor y enjuagues antibacterianos. Conclusiones: El paciente en tratamiento con radioyodo tiene predisposición a la aparición de caries y enfermedad periodontal. Se debe evaluar al paciente antes de iniciar la terapia, eliminando todas las posibles fuentes de dolor, infección y hemorragia oral. Se debe evitar el tratamiento dental de estos pacientes una vez comenzada la terapia, salvo tratamientos de urgencia. El odontólogo es un pilar fundamental como parte del equipo multidisciplinar responsable del tratamiento del paciente con cáncer de tiroides sometido a terapia con radioyodo. (AU)

Introduction and Objective: The objective of this paper is to educate professionals who deal with the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid and parathyroid pathologies about the oral health problem related to treatment with radioiodine (I-131) and to provide a guide to oral care in these patients. Synthesis: The management of patients undergoing radioiodine treatment is encompassed within a multidisciplinary context in which the role of the dentist is especially important to prevent and treat the oral side effects of I-131 as part of the oncology team. Their role is essential in examining the patient before starting treatment with I-131, developing a treatment plan for their oral pathologies, informing the patient of the risks and oral side effects of I-131, teaching oral hygiene techniques for alleviate the results of these side effects and prescribing fluoride treatments and antibacterial rinses. Conclusions: The patient treated with radioiodine has a predisposition to the appearance of caries and periodontal disease. The patient should be evaluated before starting therapy, eliminating all possible sources of pain, infection and oral bleeding. Dental treatment of these patients should be avoided once therapy has begun, except for emergency treatment. The dentist is a fundamental pillar as part of the treatment team for patients with thyroid cancer who are undergoing radioiodine therapy. (AU)

Un caso de carcinoma de tiroides de células de Hürthle. Abordando la incertidumbre del papel del Yodo I-131 / A case of Hürthle Cell Thyroid Carcinoma. Dealing with the Uncertainty of the Role of Iodinel-131 / Um caso de carcinoma de tireoides de células de Hürthle. Abordando a incerteza do papel do Iodo I-131

Objetivo: el fin de este artículo es dar a conocer la experiencia del manejo multidisciplinario de un caso documentado de carcinoma de células de Hürthle en el que se encontró captación con I-131 y por lo tanto opción terapéutica con el mismo. Presentación de caso: se trata de una paciente en la sexta década de la vida, diagnosticada inicialmente con bocio difuso quien fue manejada con terapia de sustitución hormonal con análogos de tiroxina sin respuesta satisfactoria, por lo que se realizó biopsia tiroidea, cuyo resultado reportó neoplasia de células de Hürthle de comportamiento inespecífico. Se realizó tiroidectomía oncológica y linfadenectomía. Se realizó revisión de placas de patología y se llegó a un diagnóstico definitivo de carcinoma de Hürthle. Se llevó el caso a junta multidisciplinaria y se decide terapia con I-131 pero este proceso llevó a que la terapia se realizara de forma tardía; aun así se evidencia en el rastreo postratamiento, captación en adenopatía cervical. Finalmente, presentó recaída pulmonar 12 meses después. Este tipo de tumor es un desafío para los médicos tratantes por la incertidumbre en su historia natural, en su tratamiento y en la utilidad del I-131, esta última es muy debatida debido a su alta tendencia a la desdiferenciación y al bajo porcentaje de los mismos que presentan captación del radiofármaco. Es incierto si la paciente de este caso se hubiese podido beneficiar de una terapia ablativa con I-131 más temprana disminuyendo el riesgo de recaída luego de haberse documentado avidez tumoral por el mismo

Objetive: The objective is to present a case with successful I-131 uptake in a patient with Hürthle cell carcinoma. Case presentation: A 60 years old female patient with diagnosed goiter, that was treated with thyroid hormone analogues that didn't decreased the growth of the mass; due to that, it was biopsied. The report of the pathology reported a Hürthle cell neoplasm with indeterminate behavior, lately oncologic thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed, from which the pathology plates were revised showing a definitive diagnosis of Hurthle cell carcinoma. The case was reviewed in a medical board where I-131 therapy was suggested. In the postheraphy scan performed, there was evidence of I-131 uptake in the neck and in an adenopathy. Twelve months later, there was evidence of pulmonary relapse. Is an uncertainty to know if the patient in this case would have been able to benefit from an early ablative therapy with I-131 decreasing the risk of relapse after having documented tumor avidity for it. The Hürthle thyroid carcinoma is rare, and its natural history is still controversial because it's challenging diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Because there is no definitive agree about his integral approach despite it has been considered differentiated thyroid cancer even therapy with I-131 is still debated

Objetivo: O fim deste artigo é dar a conhecer a experiência do manejo multidisciplinar de um caso documentado de carcinoma de células de Hürthle no qual encontrou-se captação com I-131 e pelo tanto opção terapêutica com o mesmo. Presentación de caso: Trata-se de uma paciente na sexta década da vida, diagnosticada inicialmente com bócio difuso que foi tratada com terapia de substituição hormonal com análogos de tiroxina sem resposta satisfatória, pelo que se realizou biopsia tireóidea, cujo resultado reportou neoplasia de células de Hürthle de comportamento inespecífico. Realizou-se tireoidectomia oncológica e linfadenectomia. Realizou-se revisão de placas de patologia e chegou-se a um diagnóstico definitivo de carcinoma de Hürthle. Levouse o caso à junta multidisciplinar e decide-se terapia com I-131 mas este processo levou a que a terapia se realizara de forma tardia; ainda assim evidencia-se no rastreamento pós-tratamento captação em adenopatia cervical. Finalmente, apresentou recaída pulmonar 12 meses depois. Este tipo de tumor pe um desafio para os médicos tratantes pela incerteza na sua história natural, no seu tratamento e na utilidade do I-131, esta útlima é muito debatida devido à sua alta tendência à desdiferenciação e à baixa percentagem dos mesmos que apesentam captação do radiofármaco. É incerto se a paciente deste caso se tivesse conseguido beneficiar de uma terapia ablativa com I-131 mais temporã diminuindo o risco de recaída após ter-se documentado avidez tumoral pelo mesmo

[Metabolic therapy with iodine 131 in patients with chronic renal failure. Clinical case]. / Terapia metabólica con yodo 131 en paciente con insuficiencia renal crónica. Caso clínico.

CASE REPORT: 62 year-old male with CKD stage 5 in dialysis program since 2012 who underwent surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. Subsequently, the patient was admitted to the Unit of Metabolic Therapy at his reference hospital, where he is administered 80 millicuries of iodine-131 as a treatment associated with the surgery, unable to have his conventional dialysis, nursing interventions required in various stages of implementation of the continuous extrarenal clearance techniques (TCDE) were performed. CARE PLAN: The following care values were addressed targeted to patients undergoing treatment with I(131): specific equipment, personal protective measures and major diagnoses and nursing interventions. PROGRESS: TCDE, despite being attributed to very critical patients, they can be extrapolated to other patients in a given time. TCDE allowed these patients to undergo dialysis in a safe environment for staff, ensuring proper disposal of contaminated liquids. CONCLUSIONS: TCDE were an effective treatment for the removal of I131, a single ssesion being necessary to normalize the levels of radioactivity. Coordination between services allewed ensure proper and effective treatment for the patient.

La Terapia empírica del cáncer de tiroides con I-131 como estrategia diagnóstica para identificar lesiones ocultas en pacientes con tiroglobulina elevada sin enfermedad estructural identificable / Empirical radioiodine therapy as diagnostic strategy to identify occult lesions in thyroid cancer patients with elevated thyroglobulin levels but no structurally identifiable disease

Objetivos: establecer la prevalencia de resultados positivos en el rastreo posterapia empírica; determinar valores de corte para tiroglobulina estimulada y suprimida que predijeron el resultado del rastreo posterapia empírica y describir factores clínicos e histopatológicos asociados con rastreos positivos. Métodos: se revisaron historias clínicas de pacientes, del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC) entre 2003 y 2009, con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides y que tuvieron una tiroglobulina estimulada ≥ 10 ng/ml en ausencia de enfermedad estructural identificable por ecografía de cuello y por otras imágenes diagnósticas obtenidas a discreción de los médicos tratantes. Se les practicó un rastreo posterapia después de recibir 100-200 mCi de I-131. Resultados: se incluyeron 40 pacientes (34 mujeres) con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides, de 14 a 74 años de edad, la mayoría con invasión local o compromiso de ganglios cervicales. El rastreo posterapia fue positivo en 24 pacientes. Los valores de corte de tiroglobulina suprimida y estimulada que mejor predijeron los resultados del rastreo posterapia fueron 1,89 ng/ml y 25 ng/ml, respectivamente. Factores como edad ≥ 45 años, sexo masculino, variantes agresivas y otras variables de mal pronóstico (tumor > 4 cm, primera cirugía extrainstitucional, tiroglobulina postoperatoria > 30 ng/ml y respuesta estructural incompleta (80%)) fueron más frecuentes en los pacientes con rastreo positivo. Conclusiones: el rastreo posterapia empírica con I-131 es una estrategia diagnóstica que provee información localizadora, metabólica y pronóstica en la mayoría de los pacientes. © 2014 Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. Todos los derechos reservados.

Objectives: a) To establish the prevalence of positive post-therapeutic I-131 whole-body scan (PWBS) results in patients with elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels and with no structurally identifiable disease; b) to calculate stimulated and suppressed Tg cut-off values with the highest accuracy using ROC analyses; c) to describe positive PWBS-related clinical and histopathology factors. Methods: A retrospective assessment is presented of PWBS results in 40 patients (34 female) between 14 and 74 years of age with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who were treated with empirical radioiodine therapy at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología between 2003 and 2009, and with a stimulated Tg ≥ 10 ng/ml with no structurally identifiable disease. Results: PWBS revealed a pathological uptake in 24 (60%) patients. The highest diagnostic accuracies of serum Tg for abnormal I-131 uptake in PWBS were 1.89 ng/ml for suppressed Tg and 25 ng/ml for stimulated Tg. Factors such as age ≥ 45 years, aggressive variants, and other poor outcome predictors, tumor size > 4 cm, extra-institutional first surgery, postoperative thyroglobulin >30 ng/ml and structurally incomplete tumor response to initial treatment, were more frequently related to positive PWBS. Conclusion: PWBS is a diagnostic strategy that provides localizing, metabolic and prognostic information in most patients with elevated Tg levels and with no structurally identifiable disease.